A.K. Padmanabhan
The 14th Conference of CITU called upon all CITU unions and
committees to observe the Centenary of Comrade Jyoti Basu, one of its
founders and a great leader of the Indian revolutionary movement, from
8th July 2013 to 8th July 2014.
Here we publish a brief write up on the life of Jyoti Basu, to be
followed by more material on his life and teachings, during the
Centenary Celebrations
Comrade Jyoti Basu, one of the founders of CITU and one of the great
and popular leaders of Indian political spectrum was born in Calcutta on
8th July 1914. Both his parents hailed from the Dhaka district of the
present day Bangladesh. His mother belonged to an upper middle class,
land owning family and father, from a “relatively lower middle class
back ground, was a doctor and had been to the US for higher studies”.
As he himself has noted in his memoirs, “there was not even a whiff
of politics in the family”. But he also noted that though “politics was
not the hot subject in our house hold, a certain sense of sympathy and
respect for the revolutionaries of those days were not missing though
it was underplayed”.
Growing up in an atmosphere of increasing revolutionary movements,
storming of the Chittagong armoury, Gandhiji’s hunger fast, Netaji
Subhash Chandra Bose’s speeches in largely attended public meetings etc,
he was attracted to political developments.
In his memoirs Jyoti Basu refers to the police beatings he and a
cousin had to face at Netaji’s public meeting. He says “The entire
area resembled a battle field. There were mounted policemen, ordinary
constables and sergents in uniform. When the sergents gave charge, we
decided we would not run for safety, naturally, as we started walking
away in the face of onslaught, a few canes fell on our backs. But, we
did not flee, we walked briskly to father’s chamber”.
Here we find a young boy of 16 years, with a mind full of support to
the freedom movement daring the police beatings, which later on through
his life developed into a leadership quality of facing all challenges
squarely.
In London
In the year 1935, Jyoti Basu obtained his degree and then left for
England for his studies in Law. The four year period of study in London
moulded him into an activist of the India League, then under the
leadership of V.K. Krishna Menon who later became a Cabinet Minister in
Nehru’s Cabinet. Later, an organization named London Majlis was formed
and Jyoti Basu was its first Secretary. This organization worked for
generating support for the Indian freedom movement and also hosted
receptions to visiting Nationalist leaders. Through this he came into
contact with leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose and
others. A group of Indian students including Jyoti Basu, attracted to
the anti-imperialist movement and Marxian thought, were active at that
time in London and had close contact with the Communist Party of Great
Britain.
Immediately after his exams, without even waiting for the results to
be declared, he returned to India in the early 1940s and established
contacts with Communist Party of India. Though he got enrolled as a
barrister in Calcutta High Court, he started working actively as a whole
timer of the Communist Party.
Trade Unions and Elections
In 1944 he started organizing the Bengal-Nagpur Railway Workers Union
and was elected as its General Secretary. Thus began his active
involvement in trade union activities which continued till his last
days.
It was during this period that Jyoti Basu entered the electoral
field. In the elections to the Legislative Assembly in 1946 he was
nominated as the candidate of the Communist Party from the Railway
Workers constituency. His main opponent was Humayun Kabir, who was also
the President of the Railway
Employees Association and fully supported
by Congress.
His long period of legislative work started with this election, which
he could win despite various malpractices. It is interesting to note
what he had to say about the election experiences in 1946.
“My very first election as a candidate gave me a taste of what bourgeois
elections were all about. It was baptism by fire. There was a
conscious effort to buy votes. At another level, I saw what honesty and
idealism were all about. Not one person of the electoral college
(Railway workers eligible to vote) had betrayed us, the dedication,
perseverance and loyalty of our comrades ensured my victory and above
all it was a victory of Railway Workers”. The lessons of the 1946
election and victory in that would have helped him in all the elections
to the state legislature that he contested later!
Jyoti Basu continued to be a member of the West Bengal Legislature
after independence. After Bengal was partitioned, all members of the
legislature, elected in 1946 from West Bengal area continued as
members. He notes in his memoirs, on the first day of the session after
independence which was held in November 1947 – “It may be recalled that
on the very first day of the session the state police used lathis and
teargas to disperse a gathering of 25 thousand farmers and students
organized by the Bengal Provincial Krishak Sabha”. This was surely a
taste of things to come in the later days.
Jyoti Basu, played a leading role in West Bengal and also at the
national level in developing the democratic and left movement. He was
involved in building a powerful trade union movement in the state. In
between, the Communist Party was banned, leaders including Jyoti Basu
were arrested. Braving all the attacks, the movement grew in strength.
Jyoti Basu, won the elections in 1952 and again in 1957. In 1957, he
was the formal leader of the opposition in the state legislature. He
won again in 1962 from the same Baranagar constituency.
The period from 1962 to 1967 was of great importance in the history
of India. The Communist Party of India faced a split and the CPI(M) was
formed. Jyoti Basu was elected as a member of the nine member Polit
Bureau of the Party and he continued to be in the highest body of the
party till his death.
Pro-People Governments
1967 saw the defeat of the Congress in many states and Jyoti Basu was
the architect of the new setup after the defeat of the Congress in West
Bengal. In a triangular contest, the Congress was defeated and the two
fronts – one led by CPI(M) and another by Bangla Congress – came
together to form a United Front Government with Ajoy Mukherji of Bangla
Congress as Chief Minister and Jyoti Basu as Deputy CM. Thus started
the long history of coalition governments in Bengal.
This government lasted only eight months but created history by
taking pro-people steps like nationalization of the Tram Company and
repeal of draconian West Bengal Security Act which was used to suppress
the people’s movement. This Government declared that the police force
will not take a partisan stand in favour of managements in labour
disputes.
The next elections in 1969 saw the two fronts contesting together
against Congress. Jyoti Basu became Deputy Chief Minister again with
Home and Police as his portfolios. This Government laid the foundation
for the land reforms in the State and took many pro-people decisions.
This Government lasted only 13 months. President’s rule was promulgated
on 29th March 1970.
This period was a turbulent one in the history of West Bengal. The
Naxalite movement began its murderous attacks against CPI(M) and its
supporters and was also joined by Congressmen in this. There was a
planned murderous attack on Jyoti Basu who was shot at on the railway
platform at Patna on 31st March 1970 and a comrade who came to receive
him was killed. Jyoti Basu escaped with bruises on his hand.
CITU Formed
On the trade union front also, new developments were taking place.
With massive struggles in various sectors and in different states,
various questions were raised on the approach of the predominant
leadership of AITUC at that time. It was in such a situation that the
decision to call an all India trade union conference to discuss about
the formation of a new central trade union organization was taken.
Jyoti Basu was one of those who took the lead in this along with others
like Coms. B.T. Ranadive, P.R Ramamurti. In West Bengal, the West
Bengal Provincial Trade Union Council fully supported this move. Jyoti
Basu was the Chairman of the Reception Committee for the conference in
Calcutta.
In his welcome address to the Conference on 28th May 1970, he dealt
in detail with the situation in West Bengal and achievements in the
short period of the two United Front Governments. He also dealt with the
tasks of the conference, underlining building up of unity of the
working class for struggle, mobilization of allies to shoulder the
historic responsibilities of the working class along with various other
issues.
In the Foundation Conference Jyoti Basu was elected as a Working
Committee member and in the Second Conference he was elected as
Vice-President, in which position he guided CITU till his last days. Jyoti Basu gave leadership to the struggles of the working people in
the turbulent days after 1970, and guidance in building up the most
powerful unit of CITU in the country in the state of West Bengal.
The struggles of the West Bengal people, the innumerable killings of
leaders and cadres of CPI(M), CITU and other mass organizations in the
period of 1970-77 are all part of history. The working people of West
Bengal withstood all these cruelties, fought for restoration of
democracy and finally became victorious.
Left Front Governments
In 1977 the first Left Front Government was formed and Comrade Jyoti
Basu was sworn in as Chief Minister. For 23 years he continued as Chief
Minister, winning five consecutive elections. He then stepped down from
the post and without contesting, spearheaded the battle in the next two
elections. A total of 34 years of Left Front Government is a record for
any left government in a bourgeois system. Jyoti Basu created history
as the longest serving Chief Minister in India.
The achievements of the Left Front governments of West Bengal,
starting from restoration of democratic rights and release of all
political detenues are also well known. Jyoti Basu had made a
declaration that “this Government will not rule from Writers Building
only” immediately after taking over in 1977.
The limitations of a state government were also made clear to the
people of West Bengal. In an interview he clarified about the
experiment of the Left Front government: “It is not a socialist economy
and system operating here. We have not made tall promises. Whatever
we can do, we have told them. One thing we cannot do, that is, bring
about fundamental changes. Because, we are not a republic of West
Bengal. We are part of India”.
The 34 year Left Front Government in West Bengal made an immense
contribution to the building up of the left and democratic movement in
the country and initiated innumerable pro-people programmes, especially
for the workers, peasants and rural workers.
For the Cause of People
In the elections to the Lok Sabha, in 2009, the Left Front faced a
setback. At that time he said “It is the people who determine the
course of history. There can be some who misunderstand us temporarily,
but if we keep going to the people repeatedly and make ourselves worthy
of their love, they will most certainly understand us. We will have to
again draw to our side those who opposed us in the last Panchayat and
Lok Sabha elections”.
This is the immediate task Jyoti Basu had outlined to the leaders of
the working class movement in West Bengal. The lofty ideals, for which
he struggled all through his public life of more than seventy years are
there for us to achieve.
Though Jyoti Basu left us forever on 17th January 2010, his life and teachings will surely guide us toward our goals.
Let us never forget what he said “There is nothing more valuable in
life than the love of the people. We are always ready to sacrifice our
lives for a greater cause… There should not be any regrets in having led
a life of disuse. That has always been my bottom line.”
Long live the legacy of the great revolutionary Comrade Jyoti Basu!
